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Objective: To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in blood culture specimens of patients with bloodstream infections before and after COVID-19 (2018-2019 and 2020-2021), and to provide scientific basis and reference for rational treatment and effective control of bloodstream infections in the post-epidemic period. Methods: Blood culture specimens were collected from patients in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University in the two years before and after the COVID-19 outbreak (2018-2021). The Automated Blood Culture Systems were used to perform blood culture on blood specimens sent for clinical inspection, and the Vitek MS automatic bacterial identification mass spectrometer was used for strain identification and the Vitek 2 automatic bacterial drug susceptibility analyzer was used for drug susceptibility testing and drug resistance analysis. Results: Blood culture specimens were performed on 28 736 patients with suspected bloodstream infection submitted for inspection from January 2018 to December 2019, and a total of 2 181 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected after removing duplicate strains, with a positive rate of 7.69%, including 1 046 strains of Gram-negative bacteria, accounting for 47.96%. From January 2020 to December 2021, blood culture specimens from 26 083 patients with suspected bloodstream infection were submitted for inspection, and a total of 2 111 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected after excluding duplicate strains, with a positive rate of 8.09%, including 1 000 strains of Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 47.37%. The drug resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae was relatively serious, and the sensitivity rate to ertapenem, polymyxin B and tigecycline was more than 90%. The main non-fermentative bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii was more than 50% sensitive to piperacillin/tazobactam, amikacin and polymyxin B. The sensitivity rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime, amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, piperacillin and meropenem were more than 50%. Conclusions: In the two years before and after COVID-19, there are many types of pathogenic bacteria in bloodstream infection, but the distribution do not differ significantly. The pathogens of bloodstream infection are mainly distributed in ICU, hepatobiliary research institute, and nephrology department. Among them, Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii are the main ones, and different pathogens showed great differences in drug resistance.
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Children are usually affected by pneumonia, which is a common ailment caused by Pathogenic Streptococcus pneumoniae. This study's objective was to isolate and identify S. pneumoniae, which was recovered from blood samples of suspected paediatric pneumonia patients using conventional techniques, such as antibiotic sensitivity profiles and molecular approaches. In this study, forty (40) samples from three major hospitals in the Dinajpur region of Bangladesh were collected and assessed using various bacteriological, biochemical, antibiotic susceptibility test, and molecular techniques. 37.5% of the 40 samples tested positive for pneumonia, and 15 isolates were discovered. In terms of age, pneumonia was more common in children aged 3-5 years (50%) than in those aged 6 to 8 (33.33%), 9 to 11 (25%) and 12 to 15 (20%). According to the results of the current study, the study area had no statistically significant impact (P > 0.05), while age and socioeconomic status had a significant impact on the prevalence of pneumonia in patients with pneumonia (P 0.05). The age group for which pneumonia was most prevalent (at 50%) was that for children between the ages of 3-5. Poor socioeconomic status was associated with the highest prevalence of pneumonia (54.54%). By sequencing the 16S rRNA gene, S. pneumoniae was identified as S. pneumoniae NBRC102642. In the antibiotic investigation, S. pneumoniae was found to be extremely resistant to ciprofloxacin, amikacin, vancomycin, and cefexime, but responsive to erythromycin and azithromycin, as well as neomycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and bacitracin. S. pneumoniae causes serious complications in paediatric patients, and this scenario requires prevention through vaccination and the development of new, efficient antibiotic therapies for pneumonia. If specific laboratory features of paediatric patients with pneumonia are understood, sepsis will be easier to detect early, treat, and reduce mortality.
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Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on the healthcare system, which has been forced to manage large number of patients, including those with respiratory insufficiency and in need of oxygen therapy. Due to concerns about bacterial co-infection, antibiotic therapy was administered to many patients. The aim of the present study was to compare antimicrobial resistance in intensive care patients in the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. Material and Methods: Patients hospitalized at the Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care Medicine of the University Hospital Olomouc in the pre-COVID-19 period (2018-2019) and during the pandemic (2020-2021) were enrolled in the study. Clinical samples from the lower respiratory tract were routinely collected twice a week, with one strain of a given species first isolated from each patient being included in the study.
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Objectives: To investigate pathogenic bacteria, their drug resistance, and changes in levels of cytokines in patients with a puerperal infection after a Cesarean section.
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INTRODUCTION: Acinetobacter baumannii is an important causative agent of ventilation-associated pneumonia capable of long-term survival in the hospital setting. Increasing resistance to antibiotics effective against this pathogen is of concern. In this study, the antibiotic resistance profiles of A. baumannii strains grown in endotracheal aspirate (ETA) cultures in intensive care units and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the resistance profiles in our province where the highest number of cases were observed in our country for a long time were investigated. METHODS: Our study included 74 A. baumannii isolates isolated from ETA samples that was sent to our laboratory from the intensive care units of Bafra State Hospital between January 2019 and December 2020. Bacteria were identified using conventional methods and a semi automatic bacterial identification system Vitek-2 (bioMerieux, France). The antibiotic susceptibility tests of the isolated strains were studied in accordance with the European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) standards. Antibiotic susceptibility of A. baumannii strains was tested with Vitek-2 system. RESULTS: The mean age and standard deviations of 18 patients before the COVID-19 pandemic and 56 patients after the pandemic were found to be 83.0 +or- 8.3 and 70.5 +or- 14.9 (p < 0.001), respectively. A statistically significant difference was found between the distributions of gender by years (p=0.025). While 55.6% of the patients were female in 2019, 73.2% of the patients in 2020 were male. There was no difference between the two periods in terms of death rates (p=0.628) and respiratory support needs (p=0.191). It was determined that the pandemic increased the number of isolated A. baumannii by 311%. For the two periods, resistance was greatest for piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and against imipenem. Examinig the two periods, amikacin resistance was seen to a lesser extent in 2020. A statistically significant difference was found between tigecycline resistance rates according to years (p < 0.001). While the tigecycline susceptibility of strains was 88.9% in 2019, it was found to be 26.8% in 2020.11.1% of the strains in 2019 and 64.3% in 2020 were found to be moderately susceptible. In this study, colistin resistance was observed in one (1.4%) of all isolates, while tigecycline resistance was detected in five isolates (6.8%). One isolate (1.4%) was susceptible to all antibiotics except ceftazidime. When the multi-antibiotic resistance of 73 A. baumannii isolates was examined, multidrug resistant (MDR) was 22.9% (n: 17), extensive drug resistance (XDR) was 74.3% (n: 55), pandrug resistance (PDR) was 1.4% (n: 1). Although there was a statistical difference in amikacin, meropenem and tigecycline resistances before and after the pandemic, no difference was found between the resistance patterns (p=0.281). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It has been observed that the most effective antibiotics against A. baumannii are colistin and tigecycline. It was determined that the COVID-19 pandemic did not change the resistance pattern rates. It is thought that success in fighting this infection will increase when each hospital determines its own resistance patterns, updates empirical treatment protocols based on their results, and clinicians use appropriate antibiotics early.